Tuesday, February 23, 2016

VIENNA: HOUSING EXPERIMENTS

Due to increasing complexity of metros and large urban areas, the planning mechanism has perhaps not able to resolve through mechanism of entrepreneurial market or mechanism of politics. The planning commissions and functions seem to be insufficient to tackle the fundamental issues of housing within metros and large urban areas. The planning without empowered function in formal sense cannot be effective. Marx provided the useful framework related to the planning functions of the city and issues related at large with the society, where he contended that in truest form of the man leads double life namely life of political community and life in bourgeois society. The attempt to gain advantage in planning is to have welfare of the individual within the community and society at large so that relationship between two important functions becomes positive ones. The question of social strategy and political feasibility to assess the changes in institutional framework and ideas needs practical steps towards the handling of housing for large urban areas. The context of such endeavor lies in changing nature of relationship that individual has with the formal state and society. 


Perhaps the housing in large metropolis of Vienna has historically address this question and examined the relation of individual and society as a nature of state, which represent the interest of bourgeois and society. This attitude could prove useful to contemporary methods of planning processes and development of individualistic ideas and institutional framework in housing.

The Vienna housing records the trajectory of imperatives that has caused such typological imagination. The Red Vienna exhibition of housing (Nickname of the capital of Austria between 1918 and 1934. The Social Democrats had the majority and the city was democratically governed for the first time). records the architects work in housing with diverse typology attempting to address the housing issues of the city. 


The social housing was imagined as a city within a city and was usually built as peripheral block developments: a large gateway led into the often landscaped interior large open spaces, from which the individual stairways and apartments were accessed. The housing were built with regulated amenities such as swimming pools, supermarkets, Laundromats, and kindergartens were frequently situated in the common buildings.


Another experiment that was carried out was WERKBUND HOUSING. It is an experimental housing scheme in the outskirts of Vienna originally constructed under the guidance of the architect Josef Frank between 1930 and 1932. It was founded in Germany in 1907 the Deutscher Werkbund, or German Work Federation, was an association of architects, designers, and industrialists interested in modern architecture and industrial design, an influential group that later became important in the creation of the Bauhaus school of design (Source . http://architectuul.com/architecture/werkbund-housing-vienna). The aim was to achieve economy in the smallest space and functional solutions. 


The experiments continue to evolve around various experiments in large scale development or re-vitalization of an existing neighborhood. The formation of Urban Renewal Cell is an attempt to rejuvenate the existing housing stock with new addition and restoration.



RED VIENNA

WERKBUND ESTATE
 







URBAN RENEWAL PROJECT




























































Friday, February 19, 2016

KRVIA MASTERS CONFERENCE: COMMUNITY HERITAGE



















KRVIA Urban Conservation Department initiated the workshop and conference (Collaboration with University of Coimbra, Portugal) on Community Heritage on the fringes of an Indian Metropolis. The intent of the workshop was to unearth the important community architecture that has helped and shaped the ethos and cultural practices within the cities and fringes of such cities. 

The workshop began with such sites and situation along with students to explore its history and its cultural significance by means of documentation. The documentation helped in shaping the ideas of restoration and imagination of its revival. The conference attended by research scholars from Portugal, KRVIA Conservation Faculties, practicing Conservation Architects and visitors from History department within the city. 

The conference began with the question on relevance of community heritage in contemporary cities and nature of practices that can be resulted out of such concerns. The scholars from Portugal presented the history and process of Portuguese settlement across the sea fronts, its land management systems by means of archival navigation maps and sketches. The paper also emphasized the trade and cultural relationship between two nation dated back. The research also navigate through the ideas of city-scapes and architecture of Mumbai’s catholic communities and its cultural and trade ties with early Portuguese colony

The KRVIA faculty built the case for diverse practices that possibly can emerge out of community heritage. The argument demonstrated that our responsibilities towards heritage architecture are as custodians and need to transmit such heritage values to the next generation in same condition or better conditions. The conservation initiatives and trends have its own problems and issues but requires mass awareness for any of such attempt. The concerns on conservation trend also stated with question on "What is Heritage?". The heritage needs to be re-contextualize and scope of heritage must expand beyond its Object boundaries into intangible aspects of Indigenous communities. In order to be effective the heritage also should encompass and recognize the aspects of livelihoods, environment and  socializing patterns.

Professor Ravindra Vasavada (CEPT, Ahmadabad) presented the paper on "Community, Heritage in Continuum". He presented the argument that the spirit of conservation is in continuity and its relevance and the heritage program must go beyond the pure restoration and conservation.




Thursday, February 4, 2016

PRACTICE, KNOWLEDGE & CONTAMINATION

The knowledge paradigm in Architecture is asymptotic representation of imagined communication. The relationship of codes and referents to their architectonics facilitate the possibilities of the structuring of form, while repository of memory provides the formal assemblage of architecture. The Architectural ideas and knowledge is an ensemble of the notion of codes & system and their relationships.

PRACTICE OF DISCIPLINE

In Architecture, traditionally, the codes have been confined into a strict system of architectonics within defined substitutions of knowledge. The means of practice within such framework is an operation that interrelates the representation that is supposed to be present in its codes and its permutation itself. The representation of codes and systems and architectural competence were recognized within the set of technological, geometrical and skills relating to form and its use.

PRACTICE OF KNOWLEDGE

Modernity consciously imposed the notion of art and architectural synthesis as emergent necessities in order to bring about assumed rationality and logic of two variables derived from science with legible translation with legitimacy of codes, which is also an architectonic code that was presumed to be subservient to production of practice and consumption of knowledge for Utopia.

The domain of communication in the contemporary mode moves away from immediate referents and formulates itself in laissez faire modes of production of architecture. The practice of knowledge is an allegory, may it be in different modes of process of digital absurdity, randomness of city-ness, high technology & low key architecture or low tech & high key architecture to architecture of surplus or architecture of financial crisis, all seems to push the knowledge of architecture & cities to a new episode of a strange fierce struggle of representation.

The contemporary modes also superimpose the idea of practice and production of knowledge within the contradictory projects on representational series of oppositions namely drawings and text, reading and writing, vision and perception. The specificities of sets within the realm of the practice of knowledge are also representatives of one of the many architectonic codes.

PRACTICE OF AUTONOMY

The practice and knowledge in the process of being subservient to contemporary modes further reinforced the idea of mutual exclusivity and facilitated the autonomous process of ideation, while essence and existence of each as a system of code lies in this assumed contradiction. The constitution of codes in production of such architecture also maintained the consumption of certain codes which brought about the strange configurational singularity on the other hand rejection of other codes, which perhaps expanded into deliberate abstraction of thought and an implied persuasive construction and system of knowledge. The appearance together or simultaneous occurrence has expanded the notion of pictorial space into pictorial form, which is evident in post - structuralism literary work where as architecture has conveniently divided the rich duality/plurality as a strange opposition of codes. These binary relations have transformed the dynamic architectural pedagogy of relationships into a strange question as if architecture and its channel of inquiry is actually a property of architectural thought and object together or they exist in binary oppositions?

The notion of such oppositions, if assumed to be an independent thought  on architectural ideas and realm of knowledge then both aspects succumb to the problem of representation because translation and production of knowledge are a cumulative product of culturally bound competence of the specific. Otherwise by definition it attempts to reinforce what are absolute (knowledge) and what contaminated (practice) is?

If architecture is a complex system of interacting relational codes of knowledge & practice with a higher degree of cognitive corollary, then architecture of form is a product of systems or condition of translational process. However, if the singular translational domain is to be seen as a mere productions of the syntactic (form) ideas then the knowledge is obliged or succumbs to translation as truncation of semantics. It further destabilizes the imagination that architectural theory is found in intellectual context of architecture and not as an appendage to the production of architecture or its context. 

Furthermore, if the established archaic opposition of codes is allowed to develop independently the codes of transformational structure,  then architecture can be aptly dismantled into a broad category of profoundly prescriptive and obscurely descriptive on one side, it simultaneously reduces the space for dialectic field of analysis within architectural competence. The question of meaning gives away to the question of fixation.

But if production is a translation or re-production of knowledge then architecture is an event arising out of systematic intent with intellectual choice and principled understanding of cultural codes. In such circumstances the demarcation of production of architecture or production of knowledge or the notion of absolute versus contamination is no longer problematic. If it holds true then the idea of translation or notion of absolute is under critical shadow.

TRANSLATION & CONTAMINATION.

Practice and knowledge are two main processes and by virtue of their existence, we determine or conceptualize, what is external (architecture). The translation of both domains depends on a series of abstraction and extraction or conceptual clarity and deductive generalization. The key word is translation, which is a powerful source of greater insight. The mechanism of translation is easily refuted in the general sense but not by critical framework, as translation is the grounded condition of any architectural discourse, this is because the practice of knowledge is a domain of theoretical act and the question of representation lies within the realm of translation.

The translation embodies the dismantling of connectedness. The translation as discussed by WALTER BENJAMIN’S ‘THE TASK OF THE TRANSLATOR [1923]

“As a result, the task of translator is not to ‘assemble’ or express what is to be conveyed since the poet/writer has already done that when writing the original text; the task of the translator rather ‘consists in finding that intended effect [Intention] upon the language into which he is translating which produces in it the echo of the original’ and his/her translation ‘instead of resembling the meaning of the original, must lovingly and in detail incorporate the original’s mode of signification, thus making both the original and the translation recognizable as fragments of a greater language.’ Thus the two texts, both the original and its translation, share what calls a ‘vital link’ and from this linguistic harmony arises a greater language, a ‘pure language’. This is the reason why the task of translator is something unique and powerful because until he has released this greater language in his translation, ‘it remains hidden in the languages.’

He further argued that the translation is not transference, re-production or image of an original. The original survives in translation. The translation constitutes the original it is added to. The original calls for translation which establishes nostalgia for innocence and the life it never had. The translation abuses the original or it contaminates the original in the process of transformation.

Hence the system of codes and processes of translation are embedded within the act of architectural production. The theoretical ascent of practice of knowledge is an ascent of transformational conditions that is necessary for survival of the logic of knowledge. The architectural practice is a production of knowledge or production of knowledge is an architectural practice & these relations are symbiotic & co-related.

BROAD AND NARROW SCHEMA

In broader & generic sense, any alternate format (of science variables) in form of an object or intent that is brought into architecture from outside and interpreted within architecture, which in turn shall act as an appendage of intellectual narcissism, delimiting the process in production of knowledge pertinent to architecture, and further that may not be able to articulate the theories that are specific to architecture and aiming solely to realm of architectural phenomena.

In narrower sense the notion of practice and knowledge has regional perspective and region embraces the knowledge on production, may it be practice or knowledge. It is perhaps parochial conception to regulate the idea of alternate as being appendage to knowledge & practice as being appendage to engineered objects. It is perhaps appropriate to state that the production of architecture is to embrace cultural ethos & its specificities.  It is also perhaps productive way of looking at practice from culture and regional perspective instead of embracing the new means of linkages & tortured its way into the reality of architecture of region.

AUTHOR: MANOJ PARAMR
PUBLISHED IN REFLECTION 2015, KRVIA, MUMBAI 

References: 
Benjamin, Walter:    The Task Of The Translator [1923]
Chomsky, Norman:            


Ethical and Moral Construct of Modern